Normal heart
- Use this image as a normal reference for this image gallery
- The heart size is normal – cardiothoracic ratio (cardiac width/thoracic width) is less than 50%
- The upper zone vessels are normal – they are smaller than the lower zone vessels
- The lungs are clear – indicating there is no pulmonary oedema
- The costophrenic angles are well defined (asterisks) – indicating there is no pleural effusion
Pericardial fat pad
- The heart size is normal in this image
- Accurate measurement of the cardiothoracic ratio can be difficult if there is a pericardial fat pad
- The width of a pericardial fat pad – which may have to be estimated – should not be included in the measurement of the cardiac size